Champagne & Wine

When the occasion calls for celebration, no drink bubbles, froths, and generally smiles like Champagne. Expensive and relatively rare, Champagne was originally reserved for the French and English court in the 18th century and retained its prestige through later ages as the special-occasion drink of commoners. True Champagne originates from the Champagne region of France, north of Paris. But vineyards from Europe to the U.S. produce sparkling wines using the mŽthode champenoise, in which the wine is fermented a second time in the bottle, which is rotated some 100 turns. The Germans call their version sekt. The Italians dub theirs spumante. And even in other regions of France wines that sparkle are known as vins mousseux. (Long-stemmed Champagne flutes concentrate both the wine's aroma and its bubbles, making it the ideal vessel for sipping.)

1. Choosing champagne
Relax. The best thing about champagne, as compared with regular wines, is that there are significantly fewer choices out there, so you really need to learn only a few classics that are sure to appear on any menu. Of course, if you're purchasing your champagne at an off-license store, your choice will be even easier.

  1. Marque
  2. Vintage
  3. Size of Bottle
  4. Dryness

Marque

The first thing you will need to determine is which brand and year you intend to order. Unlike wines in general, the best champagnes hail from only a few sources. By definition, true "champagne" comes only from that region of France that bears the same name. Specifically, the Champagne region is 90 miles northeast of Paris, close to the border with Belgium. Champagnes themselves typically come from one of three areas within that region: Reims, Marne, or Cote de Blancs. Unlike most wines that are named after vineyards, champagnes are named for the houses that produce them. These houses, in turn, produce various brands of champagne, which are known as marques. When you ultimately are forced to select a bottle of champagne, it will be these marques from which you must choose. Mercifully, the list of most famous champagne marques is relatively short.

MarqueArea of the Champagne Region
Bollinger Ay
Charles Heidsieck Reims
Krug Reims
Moet et Chandon Epernay
G.H. Mumm Reims
Joseph Perrier Marne
Ruinart Reims
Taittinger Reims
Veuve Cliquot-Ponsardin Reims

While each of these marques is a great champagne, you will need to taste many different marques before you can determine your own preference. But since there is the handy Half-Bottle size available, this should not prove to be a prohibitively expensive habit.

Vintage

As with any wine, quality varies across the years, in harmony with the quality of the grapes harvested that year and the weather of the harvesting season. Unlike many wines, however, one needn't sample decades worth of champagnes to identify a good year. Champagne is typically held for up to five years by the manufacturing house, but when it is eventually released for purchase, it should be consumed within two years. Choosing a relatively young champagne, therefore, is not considered gauche.

Also, champagne is often blended across years. For a champagne to be considered of a particular year's vintage, at least 80% of the grapes used in producing it must have been harvested in that year. The remaining 20% of the grapes, therefore, can be from other years. Vintners will, accordingly, often blend their champagnes with the "greatest hits" from across the years, which leads to a more uniform quality of beverage. This is yet another reason why choosing any particular vintage of champagne is not that important -- all those of a given marque are quite similar.

For a more precise evaluation of the quality of different vintages, however, check out this Champagne Vintage chart.

Size of Bottle

One thing that is a little trickier about champagne though is the size of the bottle. We know, you're probably thinking: "What are you talking about!?" But trust us, champagne comes in a whole universe of sizes, and basic economics tells us that we should buy only as much as we need and no more. Anyway, knowing some of these terms is sure to wow your date. Consider:

Quarter-Bottle 6.3 fluid ounces
Half-Bottle 12.7 fluid ounces
Bottle 25.4 fluid ounces
Magnum 50.8 fluid ounces 2 bottles
Jeroboam 101.6 fluid ounces 4 bottles
Rehoboam 147 fluid ounces 6 bottles
Methuselah 196 fluid ounces 8 bottles
Salmanazar 304.8 fluid ounces 12 bottles
Balthazar 406.4 fluid ounces 16 bottles
Nebuchadnezzar 508 fluid ounces 20 bottles

Sure, you're not going to have much occasion to bust out the Nebuchadnezzar, but at least you now know that those oversized bottles in vintners' windows aren't just hokey advertising gimmicks. You will, however, need to know Half-Bottle, Bottle, and Magnum. If you are dining alone, or simply want to order champagne to accompany dessert, it is cuter -- and more affordable -- simply to order a half-bottle, which will pour out to slightly more than two full glasses. So, one for you and your date, with a little extra that you can graciously pour into your companion's glass. Of course, a Bottle is the standard order if you are having your champagne over dinner. The Magnum comes in handy if you are at dinner with your date's parents, on a double date perhaps, or even dining out for a corporate occasion. In any setting, though, knowing some of these terms is sure to dazzle your company.

Dryness

Once you have identified the size, brand, and year of your champagne, for Pete's sake just go ahead and drink the stuff. If, however, you are really trying to impress, then you can take your particularity one more step. The last variable in choosing a champagne is its level of dryness. Champagne is not alone among wines in occurring in various levels of dryness, but it is unique in that the dryness is largely determined by the winemaker. To understand the process of making a champagne dryer or sweeter than usual, you will need to have a grasp on how the stuff is made.

Usually grapes are chosen at the height of their ripeness, when they contain a good deal of natural sugar. Yeast is added to the juice of those grapes, which converts their ample sugar into ample alcohol. The Champagne region, however, is an atypically cool region of France, in which grapes must be harvested before they are fully ripe. Their sugar content, therefore, is too low to make an alcohol of comparable fortitude. Champagne thus has sugar artificially added to it so that the yeast has more fuel to convert into alcohol. Obviously a winemaker can add greater or lesser amounts of sugar to alter the strength of the finished product -- and, of course, adding more sugar is going to make the champagne taste sweeter too. As you enjoy more and more glasses of champagne, you will develop a taste for whether you prefer it dry or sweet.

As a quick guide, here is a list of the levels of dryness that you can choose in your champagne:

Level of Dryness Amount of residual sugar per liter
Extra Brut, Brut Sauvage, Ultra Brut, Brut Integral, Brut Zero .6%
Brut 1.5%
Extra Dry, Extra Sec 1.2 to 2.0%
Sec 1.7 to 3.5%
Demi-Sec 3.3 to 5.0%
Doux (sweetest) 5% and up

Be warned, even if you are a sweet tooth, champagnes rated as Doux should be used only as a dessert wine. The most popular style will be Brut, and champagne makers save their best grapes for this category.

4 Steps to Opening and Serving Champagne
Whatever you do, don't launch the cork.

  1. Wrap the bottle in a towel.
  2. Unwrap and remove the wire that covers the cork.
  3. Pointing the bottle away from your guests, grip the cork in one hand while slowly rotating the bottle holding it by the indentation on the bottom until the cork comes free with a pop.
  4. Pour into the center of glasses.


Choosing a Wine

Tasting wines at a winery or tasting room offers one the luxury of finding a wine he or she likes before buying it. It would be nice to walk into a walk into a wine retailer and do the same. Unfortunately, most of us are at the mercy of buying a wine we are most familiar with, hearing of one from a third party, or buying blind. When wishing to try a new wine, one can minimize the risk of buying a poor wine with just a little knowledge.

Remember that a more costly wine doesn't necessarily mean a better wine and that a high rating or rave review doesn't mean that you are going to like it. Being able to interpret the label and buying from a reputable and knowledgeable source are your best chance to find the right wine.

About Wine Labels

Brand (Producer)

The brand name is used by the bottler to identify the product. The brand name is of utmost importance since many wines are purchased based solely on the producer's reputation. Any brand name is acceptable so long that it does not mislead the consumer.

Vintage Date

A vintage date on the label indicates that 95% or more of the wine is produced from grapes grown in that year.

Varietal Designations

The names of the dominant grapes used in the wine. A varietal designation on the label means that at least 75% of that grape variety is used in the wine. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are examples of grape varieties.

Wines that do not have the 75% of a single grape variety often have proprietary names or may be designated such as "Red Table Wine."

Appellation of Origin

The place in which the dominant grapes used in the wine are grown. A country, state or county appellation on the label means that at least 75% of the wine is produced from grapes grown in the place named.

Produced and Bottled by

This indicates that the winery crushed, fermented and bottled a minimum of 75% of the wine in this bottle. It does not mean that the winery grew the grapes used in the wine.

Made and Bottled by

This indicates that a minimum of 10% of the wine was fermented at the winery. In general, this may infer a lesser quality wine than "produced and bottled by" designations.

Alcohol Content

This is the percentage of alcohol by volume of the wine. Wines should have a minimum of 6 percent to a maximum of 14 percent alcohol and must be within 1.5 percent of the actual alcohol content. Ports have a legal range of 18 to 20 percent and Sherries have a 17 to 20 percent range.

 

Other Factors in Choosing Wine

Description

Most individuals tend to like certain specific characteristics of a wine, whether it's a citrusy Chardonnay or a peppery Zinfandel. Many wine bottles have a label that contains the winemaker's notes or describes the characteristics of the wine and it is good advice to read these notes. Some better wine retailers will display a description of the wine or a review along side the wines. Since taste in wines is subjective, it is not recommended to purchase wines strictly on a wine's "score."

The Retailer

Since most people buy their wines from a wine store, supermarket or drug store, the environment in which the wines are stored is important. Wines will keep longer if stored on their sides, however if the store has a rapid turnover then there is little consequence to wines stored upright. Wines are best stored in a constant, cool environment and away from direct sunlight.

Knowledgeable Staff

A wine store (or a retailer with a sizeable wine department) will most likely have a knowledgeable staff in which one can get recommendations. Since personal taste is vastly different among individuals, it is always best to first describe the types of wines, flavors and particular favorite wines one likes before asking for advice. It is also very important to describe what the wine will be served with and how much you wish to spend. It is too often the case that a person will spend much more on a wine than is desired because he/she felt intimidated by cost.

Inspect the Bottle

A simple inspection of the bottle can avert a wine fiasco. Check to see that there is no sticky residue on the neck of the bottle and that the bottle's fill level is consistent with other bottles. The top surface of the wine should not be seen below the lower edge of the foil, or with the newer foil-less bottles, more than 1 inch below the bottom of the cork.


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